Fatores que Impactam a Decisão de Realizar Ventriculografia Esquerda em Doença Arterial Coronariana / Factors That Impact the Decision to Perform Left Ventriculography in Coronary Artery Disease

Resumo Fundamento A ventriculografia esquerda é um método invasivo para avaliar a função sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo. Depois do advento de métodos não invasivos, o seu uso tem sido questionado por resultar em algum risco para o paciente. Objetivos Avaliar quais fatores associam-se independentemente com a decisão de realizar ventriculografia em pacientes com doença arterial coronariana. Métodos Tratou-se de um estudo analítico, retrospectivo, avaliando prontuários eletrônicos e banco de dados e comparando 21 variáveis de interesse pré-definidas entre pacientes submetidos a cineangiocoronariografia. Foi considerado significante p < 0,05. Resultados Avaliamos 600 pacientes consecutivos, e a ventriculografia esquerda foi realizada na maioria dos pacientes submetidos a uma cineangiocoronariografia (54%). Depois da análise multivariada, os pacientes com síndromes coronarianas crônicas ( odds ratio [OR] 1,72; intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC 95%]: 1,20-2,46; p < 0,01) tiveram maior chance de serem submetidos ao procedimento. Os pacientes com função ventricular conhecida (OR = 0,58; IC 95%: 0,40-0,85; p < 0,01), os revascularizados (OR 0,31; IC 95% 0,14-0,69; p < 0,01), os hipertensos (OR 0,58; IC 95%: 0,36-0,94; p = 0,02) e aqueles com maiores valores de creatinina (OR 0,42; IC 95% 0,26-0,69; p < 0,01) tiveram maior chance de não realizar ventriculografia. Conclusões Nos pacientes submetidos a cineangiocoronariografia, o diagnóstico de síndrome coronariana crônica associou-se de modo independente com uma maior realização da técnica, enquanto ter a função ventricular previamente conhecida, ser hipertenso, ter sido submetido a revascularização cirúrgica prévia e ter valores de creatinina mais elevados associaram-se a uma maior chance de não realizar o método.

Abstract Background Left ventriculography is an invasive method for assessment of left ventricular systolic function. Since the advent of noninvasive methods, its use has been questioned, as it carries some risk to the patient. Objective To assess which factors are independently associated with the decision to perform ventriculography in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods Analytical, retrospective, database review study of electronic medical records comparing 21 predefined variables of interest among patients undergoing coronary angiography. P-values <0.05 were considered significant. Results We evaluated 600 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography. Left ventriculography was performed in the majority of cases (54%). After multivariate analysis, patients with chronic coronary syndrome (OR 1.72; 95% CI: 1.20-2.46; p < 0.01) were more likely to undergo the procedure. Patients with known ventricular function (OR 0.58; 95% CI: 0.40-0.85; p < 0.01); those with a history of CABG (OR 0.31; 95% CI: 0.14-0.69; p < 0.01) or hypertension (OR 0.58; 95% CI: 0.36-0.94; p = 0.02); and those with higher creatinine levels (OR 0.42; 95% CI: 0.26-0.69; p < 0.01) had greater odds of not undergoing ventriculography. Conclusions In patients undergoing coronary angiography, a diagnosis of chronic coronary syndrome was independently associated with greater likelihood of left ventriculography, while having previously determined ventricular function, a history of hypertension or CABG, and higher creatinine levels were associated with a decreased likelihood of undergoing this procedure.

Intervençöes coronarias através da artéria radial / Transradial approach for coronary interventions

OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility and safety of coronary interventions performed through the radial artery. METHODS: We studied 103 patients with ages from 38 to 86 years (57 + or -8.7), 90 (87 percent) males, and: radial pulse with a good amplitude, presence of ulnar pulse, a good collateral flow through the palmar arch assessed with the Allen's test. RESULTS: The vascular approach was obtained in 97 (94 percent) patients, 88 (91 percent) treated electively and 9 (9 percent) during acute myocardial infarction, for primary angioplasty; 56 (64 percent) unstable angina; 22 (25 percent) stable angina; 10 (11 percent) were asymptomatic, 6 referred for recanalization of chronic occlusion and 4 silent ischemia in the first week after acute myocardial infarction. We approached 107 arteries: anterior descending artery, 49 (46 percent); right coronary artery, 27 (25 percent); circumflex artery, 25 (23 percent); diagonal artery, 6 (6 percent); and 2 saphenous vein bypass grafts. We treated 129 lesions: 80 (62 percent) B2 type; 23 (18 percent) B1 type; 17 (13 percent) C type; and 9 (7 percent). A type. There were 70 stents , and 59 balloon angioplasties performed. Thirty-two (33 percent) patients used GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors. The mean duration of the elective procedure was 42.3Ý12.8 min. Success, correct stent deployment and residual lesion <20 percent, was reached in 100 percent of the lesions treated with stent implantation; arterial dilation with residual lesion <50 percent was obtained in 96 percent of the lesions treated with transluminal coronary angioplasty (TCA). Complications, were: 1 (1.0 percent) non-Q-wave acute myocardial infarction; 2 (2 percent) hematomas in the forearm; and 2 losses of radial pulse. CONCLUSION: Radial artery aproach is practical and safe for percutaneous coronary interventions there was a low incidence of complications

Valvuloplastia mitral com cateter-baläo de Inoue: análise de 112 casos / Mitral Valvuloplasty With Inoue Balloon. Results in 112 Patients

PURPOSE--To present immediate results of percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty (PVM) with Inoue balloon for the treatment of mitral stenosis. METHODS--One hundred and twelve consecutive patients mean age 31.26 +/- 9.5 years, 82 per cent females, the majority in functional class III/IV (69 per cent ) underwent percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty (PVM) with Inoue balloon. The procedure was undertaken by the transseptal technique. RESULTS--PMV achieved significant reduction in mean left atrial pressure pre 24.57 +/- 5.37 post 12.36 +/- 4.82, mitral gradient pre 15.31 +/- 4.28 post 3.48 +/- 2.09 and increased mitral valve area pre 0.88 +/- 0.12 post 2.0 +/- 0.28 (P < 0.001). An increase of at least 25 per cent of the mitral valve area with a final result greater than 1.5 cm2 was obtained in 96 per cent of the cases. Cardiac tamponade occurred in five cases (4.4 per cent ). In 4 a successful treatment was accomplished in the catheterization laboratory. Significant mitral regurgitation was seen in one case (0.9 per cent ) and there was one death (0.9 per cent ). CONCLUSION--The results of this series attest to the effectiveness of the PMV with Inoue balloon in selected cases of mitral stenosis

Objetivo - Analisar os resultados imediatos em portadores de estenose da válvala mitral, submetidos a valvuloplastia com cateter-balão de Inoue. Métodos - Cento e doze pacientes consecutivos, com idade média de 31,26±9,5 anos, 82% do sexo feminino, a maioria em classe funcional III e IV (69%), foram submetidos a valvuloplastia mitral por balão (VMB). Os casos foram selecionados pelo escore ecocardiográfico proposto por Wilkins. O procedimento foi realizado por via transeptal segundo a técnica de Inoue. Resultados - Após VMB foi observada significativa redução da pressão média do átrio esquerdo pré 24,57±5,37/ pós 12,36±4,82, do gradiente transvalvar mitral pré 15,31±4,28/ pós 3,48±2,09 e aumento significativo da área valvar mitral (AVM) média pré 0,88±0,12/pós 2,0±0,28 (P<0,001). O sucesso definido como aumento pelo menos de 25% da AVM com resultado final maior que 1,5cm2 na ausência de insuficiência mitral significativa (3/4+), cirurgia de emergência ou óbito, foi alcançado em 96% dos casos. Como complicações, ocorreram 5 tamponamentos cardíacos (TC), 4 deles tratados na sala de hemodinâmica com sucesso; 1 paciente desenvolveu insuficiência mitral importante (3/4+), sendo operado eletivamente; ocorreu 1 óbito, devido a TC seguido de embolia pulmonar. Conclusão - Os resultados observados nesta série, comprovam a efetividade e segurança da técnica de valvuloplastia com cateter-balão Inoue, em casos selecionados de portadores de estenose mitra